The Environment And Lung Diseases: Clinical Impact of a dysfunctional ecosystem.

Main Article Content

I. J. Ekpoh

Abstract

In the face of increased air pollution caused by human activities through massive fossil fuel consumption in automobiles, power plants, industrial processes, together with recent historic forest fires in the Amazon forest of Brazil, California and parts of Australia, the atmospheric environment has become a dangerous biome for human habitation. Cases of respiratory tract infections and lung diseases have attained epidemic proportions. The current case of covid-19 which started since December 2019, has added a new name to the list of severe respiratory diseases and has even attained a pandemic proportion, in terms of global spread and impact. This paper attempted an identification of some of the major air pollutants and their sources (both man-made and natural), their impacts on human health and well-being, as well as, proffer possible solutions for achieving a less-polluted atmosphere. Tree planting, clean energy sources and zero

gas flaring were some of the remedies put forward.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Section

Original Articles

Author Biography

I. J. Ekpoh, Department of Environmental Resource Management, University of Calabar, Calabar.

Adjunct Professor, Department of Public Health, University of Calabar

How to Cite

Ekpoh, I. J. (2020). The Environment And Lung Diseases: Clinical Impact of a dysfunctional ecosystem. Nigerian Journal of Chest Diseases, 2(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.82222/njcd.vol2no1.50

References

Ahrens, D. C. (2009) Meteorology Today: An Introduction to weather, climate and environment. Brooks/Cole, Belmomt, USA.

Ana, G. R. (2011) Air Pollution in Nigeria. https://www.intechopen.com

Baudi, P. V. and Ahmed, A. N. (2006) The impacts of wind related hazards in Southern Cameroon. Journal of Physical Sciences, 3(2): 82-88.

Buis, A. (2019) The Atmosphere: Getting a handle on Carbon Dioxide. https://www.ocov2.jpl.nasa.gov/

Christopherson, R. W. (2003) Geosystems. Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey, USA.

Cunningham, W. P. and Cunningham, M. A. (2002) Principles of Environmental Science: Inquiry and application. McGraw-Hill, Boston, USA.

Cunningham, W. P. and Saigo, B. W. (1999) Environmental Science. WCB/McGraw-Hill, Boston, USA.

Ekpoh, I. J. (2004) Environmental Hazards. St. Paul's Publishing and Printing Co. Ltd., Calabar, Nigeria.

Ekpoh, I. J. (2009) Climate, Society and Environment. St. Paul's Publishing and Printing Co. Ltd., Calabar, Nigeria.

Ekpoh, I. J. and Obia, A. E. (2010) The role of gas flaring in the rapid corrosion of zinc roofs in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Environmentalist, 30: 347-352.

Ekpoh, I. J. and Nsa, E (2011) Extreme climatic variability in north-western Nigeria: an analysis of rainfall trends and

patterns. Journal of Geography and Geology, 3(1) 51-62.

Ekpoh, I. J. (2014b) Slow Response to Climate Change in Nigeria: need for urgent and comprehensive action. Studies

in Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol.1, No.2: 19-29

Ekpoh, I. J. (2015) Climate Change and Recent Severe Flooding in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Global Journal

of Social Sciences,Vol. 14, pp 23-33.

Ekpoh, I. J. and Bassey, B. J. (2016) Implications of Climate Change for Human Health in Nigeria. Geosciences Research,Vol. 1, No. 1: 39-46.

Enger, E. D. and Smith, B. F. (1998) Environmental Science: A study of interrelationships. WCB/McGraw-Hill, Boston, USA.

Epstein, S. (2007) Trends and Temporal Variations of Major Greenhouse Gases. J. Atmos Environ Science, Vol. 42, Issue

38: 8707-8716.

Federal Republic of Nigeria (2003) Nigeria's First National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Landmark Publications, Lagos, Nigeria.

Floyd, B. N. and Ekpoh, I. J. (2004) Man and Environment: Crop production in Tropical Africa. St. Paul's Publishing

and Printing Co. Ltd., Calabar, Nigeria.

Hickson, J. E. (2000) Air Pollution as a Climate Forcing Factor. Proceedings, Honolulu, Hawaii.

IPCC (2007) Climate Change 2007. Synthesis Report. FAR of IPCC. Geneva, Switzerland. p. 104

Kemper, K. and Chaudhuri, S. (2020) Air Pollution: Asilent killer in Lagos. https://blogs.worldbank.org.

Leaf, A. (1993) Loss of Stratospheric Ozone and Health Effects of increased Ultra-Violet Radiation. Reproduced with permission WHO (2016). https://www.ciesen.org/docs/

McMichael, A. J. (2012) Insights from Past Millennia into Climatic Impacts on Human Health and Survival. Proc Natl

Acad Sci USA109: 4730-4737.

Mshelia, A. D. (2005) Adaptation strategies to climate change. Journal of Energy and Environment, 18(3): 74-81.